LAGOS-AND: A Large Gold Standard Dataset for Scholarly Author Name Disambiguation

In this paper, we present a method to automatically build large labeled datasets for the author ambiguity problem in the academic world by leveraging the authoritative academic resources, ORCID and DOI. Using the method, we built LAGOS-AND, two large, gold-standard datasets for author name disambiguation (AND), of which LAGOS-AND-BLOCK is created for clustering-based AND research and LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE is created for classification-based AND research. Our LAGOS-AND datasets are substantially different from the existing ones. The initial versions of the datasets (v1.0, released in February 2021) include 7.5M citations authored by 798K unique authors (LAGOS-AND-BLOCK) and close to 1M instances (LAGOS-AND-PAIRWISE). And both datasets show close similarities to the whole Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) across validations of six facets. In building the datasets, we reveal the variation degrees of last names in three literature databases, PubMed, MAG, and Semantic Scholar, by comparing author names hosted to the authors' official last names shown on the ORCID pages. Furthermore, we evaluate several baseline disambiguation methods as well as the MAG's author IDs system on our datasets, and the evaluation helps identify several interesting findings. We hope the datasets and findings will bring new insights for future studies. The code and datasets are publicly available.Comment: 33 pages, 7 tables, 7 figure

Allocating Limited Resources to Protect a Massive Number of Targets using a Game Theoretic Model

Resource allocation is the process of optimizing the rare resources. In the area of security, how to allocate limited resources to protect a massive number of targets is especially challenging. This paper addresses this resource allocation issue by constructing a game theoretic model. A defender and an attacker are players and the interaction is formulated as a trade-off between protecting targets and consuming resources. The action cost which is a necessary role of consuming resource, is considered in the proposed model. Additionally, a bounded rational behavior model (Quantal Response, QR), which simulates a human attacker of the adversarial nature, is introduced to improve the proposed model. To validate the proposed model, we compare the different utility functions and resource allocation strategies. The comparison results suggest that the proposed resource allocation strategy performs better than others in the perspective of utility and resource effectiveness.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 41 reference

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SHARING ADS WITH FRIENDS

This paper describes methods and systems for sharing ads with friends or contacts across multiple platforms. The solution described in this paper provides a straightforward way for users to share ads without relying on other social networking platforms or communication platform mediums (such as email, text messaging apps, among others). The solution also makes ad sharing more personalized as it enables users to choose one or more specific contacts with which to share ads. The system can be configured to insert or otherwise embed an actuable object (for instance, a share object) on the ad. Responsive to a user taking an action on the actuable object, an address bar along with a share button will be provided for display on or near the ad. The user can enter identifying information of one or more contacts with which to share the ad. Examples of identifying information can include email addresses, names, phone numbers, and account names, among others of one or more users with which to share the ad. The ad is then provided for display at computing devices of the contacts with which the ad was shared. The ad can include a share object or an object identifying the user that shared the ad with the contact

Widespread Presence of Glycolaldehyde and Ethylene Glycol Around Sagittarius B2

We report the detection of widespread CH$_2$OHCHO and HOCH$_2$CH$_2$OH emission in Galactic center giant molecular cloud Sagittarius B2 using the Shanghai Tianma 65m Radio Telescope. Our observations show for the first time that the spatial distribution of these two important prebiotic molecules extends over 15 arc-minutes, corresponding to a linear size of approximately 36 pc. These two molecules are not just distributed in or near the hot cores. The abundance of these two molecules seems to decrease from the cold outer region to the central region associated with star-formation activity. Results present here suggest that these two molecules are likely to form through a low temperature process. Recent theoretical and experimental studies demonstrated that prebiotic molecules can be efficiently formed in icy grain mantles through several pathways. However, these complex ice features cannot be directly observed, and most constraints on the ice compositions come from millimeter observations of desorbed ice chemistry products. These results, combined with laboratory studies, strongly support the existence of abundant prebiotic molecules in ices.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Ap

Effects of Gene Methylation Reprogramming in Cloned Calves Derived from In Vitro-Transfected Somatic Cells

AbstractIn vitro transfection of cultured cells combined with nuclear transfer currently is the most effective procedure to produce transgenic livestock. In the present study, bovine primary fetal fibroblasts were transfected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgene and used as nuclear donor cells in oocyte reconstructions. To examine the role of host cytoplasm on transgene expression and developmental outcome, GFP-expressing fibroblasts were fused to oocytes reconstructed either metaphase or telophase activation, and PCR technology was also employed. The results showed that GFP became detectable at the 8- to 16-cell stage, approximately 80h after reconstruction, and remained positive at all later stages. Embryonic development to the blastocyst stage was not significantly different among metaphase and telophase groups. Therefore, GFP transgene technology can be used to select embryoes derived from transgenic animals

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Milk Powder by Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this study, an analytical method was established to determine pentachlorophenol (PCP) in milk powder by isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The sample was dissolved in water, extracted by the quick, effective, cheap, easy, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent and protein precipitant, purified on a Captiva EMR-Lipid column, and diluted with the same volume of water before analysis. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.05% formic acid), and then the analyte was detected with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Matrix matching-isotope dilution internal standard method was used for identification and quantification of the analyte. The results indicated that the calibration curve of PCP was linear in the concentration range of 0.2‒150 μg/L with correlation coefficients (r) not less than 0.996 0. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of the method were 0.5 and 1.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries for spiked milk powder ranged from 90.3% to 119.2%, with relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) equal to or less than 7.5%. The method has the advantages of simple pretreatment without concentration or dissolution, high sensitivity, accuracy and reliability, and can be used as an effective method for detecting pentachlorophenol in milk powder